Inconsistent with our RCT hypothesis developed based on the
concept of tokenism being helpful for high-status individuals,
when rated by a majority of female raters, female leaders were
seen as more effective than men. Consistent with our hypothesis,
this difference became smaller in gender-balanced groups (see
Figure 2). Surprisingly, in male-dominated rater groups, men were
not seen as more effective leaders than women. Rather, the effect
approached zero as the percent of male raters increased. Thus,
Hypothesis 5 was partially supported (i.e., gender differences were
quite small in gender-balanced groups).