Humanistic theory emerged in the 1950s as something of a backlash against the behavioral and psychodynamic theories. The principal charge hurled at these two models was that they were dehumanizing. Freudian theory was criticized for its belief that primitive, animalistic drives dominate behavior. Behaviorism was criticized for its preoccupation with animal research. Critics argued that both schools view people as helpless pawns controlled by their environment and their past, with little capacity for self direction. Many of these critics blended into a loose alliance that came to be known as "humanism" because of its exclusive interest in human behavior. Humanism is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their free will and their potential for personal growth. Humanistic psychologists do not believe that we can learn anything of significance about the human condition from animal research.
Humanistic theorists take an optimistic view of human nature. In contrast to most psychodynamic and behavioral theorists, humanistic theorists believe that (1) human nature includes an innate drive toward personal growth,(2) individuals have the freedom to chart their courses of action and are not pawns of their environment, and (3) humans are largely conscious and rational beings who are not dominated by unconscious, irrational needs and conflicts. Humanistic theorists also maintain that one's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. According to this notion, if you think you are homely, or bright, or sociable, these beliefs will influence your behavior more that the actual realities of how homely, bright , or sociable you are.
The humanistic approach clearly provides a different perspective on personality than either the psychodynamic or behavioral approach. In this section we'll review the ideas of the two most influential humanistic theorists, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. (Weiten,Lloyd,Dunn&Hammer,2009)
Humanistic theory emerged in the 1950s as something of a backlash against the behavioral and psychodynamic theories. The principal charge hurled at these two models was that they were dehumanizing. Freudian theory was criticized for its belief that primitive, animalistic drives dominate behavior. Behaviorism was criticized for its preoccupation with animal research. Critics argued that both schools view people as helpless pawns controlled by their environment and their past, with little capacity for self direction. Many of these critics blended into a loose alliance that came to be known as "humanism" because of its exclusive interest in human behavior. Humanism is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their free will and their potential for personal growth. Humanistic psychologists do not believe that we can learn anything of significance about the human condition from animal research.Humanistic theorists take an optimistic view of human nature. In contrast to most psychodynamic and behavioral theorists, humanistic theorists believe that (1) human nature includes an innate drive toward personal growth,(2) individuals have the freedom to chart their courses of action and are not pawns of their environment, and (3) humans are largely conscious and rational beings who are not dominated by unconscious, irrational needs and conflicts. Humanistic theorists also maintain that one's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. According to this notion, if you think you are homely, or bright, or sociable, these beliefs will influence your behavior more that the actual realities of how homely, bright , or sociable you are. The humanistic approach clearly provides a different perspective on personality than either the psychodynamic or behavioral approach. In this section we'll review the ideas of the two most influential humanistic theorists, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. (Weiten,Lloyd,Dunn&Hammer,2009)
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