Finally, adult stem cells can modulate the immune and inflammatory responses to promote wound healing. The transplantation of autologous and allogeneic MSCs on the surface of deep burn wounds in rats decreases inflammatory cell infiltration into the wound, and accelerates the formation of new vessels and granulation tissue.[6] After skin tissue injury, multipotent stem cells mobilize from the bone marrow into the pool of circulating cells. These cells migrate to the site of injury, and regulate the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells/dermal mesenchymal cells (MCs) during the early inflammatory phase.[14] It has also been identified that MSC subpopulations can express high levels of the IL-1 receptor antagonist[22] and inhibit inflammatory and immune responses.[23] A subpopulation of bone marrow-derived cells that integrate into the healed wound often play a useful role as antigen-presenting cells.[14] Adult stem cell therapy reduces the intensity of inflammatory cell infiltration and activates the vessel formation. Thus, it promotes normal interactions between cell assemblies during the regeneration of burn wounds, which prevents the formation of cicatrix or the deformation of tissues.[24,25]