Such policies and procedures may represent efforts to improve environmental performance only within the organization’s operational boundaries rather than being extended throughout the supply chain (Bansal & Clelland, 2004
; Handfield, et al.,2005). Firms can market themselves as being environmentally proactive (by virtue of having an
EMS) without undertaking the effort of “greening” their supply chains (Darnall, Jolley & Handfield,2006).