1. GROUP # 3 Muhammad waseem Saim khalid Zafar iqbal Muhammad imran 1
2. Agenda • • • • • • Manufacturing of connecting rod Forging Vs Casting Defects of forging Designing and manufacturing processes Limitation of forging Economics limitation 2
3. MANUFACTURING PROCESS FORGING CASTING 3
4. FORGING 4
5. Forging Vs Casting Forging Casting Total processes approximate 16 Dimensional consistency and accuracy Reduce mass by 10% Consume less energy Provides longer tool life smoother running in the engine Less cost for > 20,000 pieces High production rate Less time consumes Reduce cost about 25% It performed at low temperature Total processes approximate 36 Less accuracy More time consuming Required high temperature for melting Low production rate Defects such as pin hole, shrinkage, porosity, Rough surface etc. high cost for >20,000 pieces More waste of materials More labor cost Machining process Low strength 5
6. Forging Defects 6
7. Design of connecting rod 7
8. 8
9. Manufacturing process MATERIAL CUTTING TO LENGTH OF MATERIAL BILLETS HEATING HOT FORGING 9
10. PLERCING TRIMMING SHOT BLASTING /SHOT PEENING DEBURRING MACHINING MACHINING OF TOP SURFACE GRINDING THE SIDE FACES DRILLING THE PISTON END BROACHING OF CRANK AND PISTON ROD DRILLING OF BOLT HOLE DRILLING OF HOLE MACHINING OF BOLT HEAD SEAT 10
11. MACHINE FRACTURE SPLITTING GROOVE FRACTURE SPLITTING ASSEMBLY OF CONNECTING ROD MACHINING FINISH GRINDING I=OF SIDE FACES FINAL DRILLING OF CRANK AND PISTON MILLING OF BEARING OF POSITIONING GROOVE 11
12. INSERTION OF CRANK END BEARING SHELLS INSERTION OF SMALL END BEARING BUSH INSPECTION 12
13. Selection of material the connecting rods are most usually made of steel (for lightness and the ability to absorb high impact at the expense of durability) titanium (for a combination of lightness with strength, at higher cost) for high performance engines, or of cast iron for applications such as motor scooters. 13
14. Cutting of material • Cut the material a little greater than the required due to further process heating billets • Billet is heated in the furnace at 500-600 ⁰C Hot forging • Hot forging is defined as working a metal above its recrystallization temperature. • The main advantage of hot forging is that as 14
15. the metal is deformed the strain-hardening effects are negated by the recrystallization process. piercing: 15
16. Trimming: Shot peening: Machining: 16
17. • Fracture splitting • Assembly • Insertion of bearing shell 17
18. • Insertion of bering bushes • Inspection 18
19. Limitation of forging • It must be enviourment friendly • It finished product cost must be moderate • Limitation of the mass deviation along the longitudinal axis • materials are generally less expensive than the materials required for casting. Limited scrap and rework. Reduced labor costs and lower tooling equipment expenses than casting 19
20. Economic limitation 20
21. 21