Several components contribute to rice grain quality, and among these, fragrance and taste qualities are
the most important to consumers. Manawthukha, an elite non-fragrant cultivar with high amylose
content (AC), intermediate gel consistency (GC) and gelatinisation temperature (GT), occupies the largest
number of acres in Myanmar. To improve fragrance and intermediate AC in Manawthukha, Basmati370
was used as a donor parent to introgress the Basmati alleles of genes conferring fragrance and
intermediate AC into Manawthukha by Marker Assisted Backcrossing (MAB). Four backcrosses and one
selfing were conducted to transfer positive alleles of badh2 and Wx from Basmati into Manawthukha.
Twelve BC4F2 selected lines that carried the homozygous Basmati alleles were planted in multi-location
trials (four in Myanmar and one in Thailand) and examined for their agronomic performance and cooking
quality. The seeds of the improved lines and their parents, harvested from Kamphaeng Saen, Kuaukse,
Kyauktada and Latpatan, were investigated for fragrance and AC. All improved lines had fragrance and
intermediate AC similar to the donor parent Basmati, whereas their agronomic performances were the
same as the original Manawthukha. All improved lines had medium plant heights, high tiller numbers,
dense panicles, non-lodging phenotypes and high yielding potentials. Simultaneous improvement of
fragrance and intermediate AC indicated that badh2 and Wx genes had major effects on the fragrance and
AC, respectively.We show here the success of improving fragrance and intermediate AC by MAB and the
high efficiency of selection in early generations. In the present study, MAB accelerated the development
of superior qualities in the genetic background of Manawthukha. The improved Manawthukha should be
immediately useful for Myanmar farmers and will help farmers to increase their incomes.
Several components contribute to rice grain quality, and among these, fragrance and taste qualities arethe most important to consumers. Manawthukha, an elite non-fragrant cultivar with high amylosecontent (AC), intermediate gel consistency (GC) and gelatinisation temperature (GT), occupies the largestnumber of acres in Myanmar. To improve fragrance and intermediate AC in Manawthukha, Basmati370was used as a donor parent to introgress the Basmati alleles of genes conferring fragrance andintermediate AC into Manawthukha by Marker Assisted Backcrossing (MAB). Four backcrosses and oneselfing were conducted to transfer positive alleles of badh2 and Wx from Basmati into Manawthukha.Twelve BC4F2 selected lines that carried the homozygous Basmati alleles were planted in multi-locationtrials (four in Myanmar and one in Thailand) and examined for their agronomic performance and cookingquality. The seeds of the improved lines and their parents, harvested from Kamphaeng Saen, Kuaukse,Kyauktada and Latpatan, were investigated for fragrance and AC. All improved lines had fragrance andintermediate AC similar to the donor parent Basmati, whereas their agronomic performances were thesame as the original Manawthukha. All improved lines had medium plant heights, high tiller numbers,dense panicles, non-lodging phenotypes and high yielding potentials. Simultaneous improvement offragrance and intermediate AC indicated that badh2 and Wx genes had major effects on the fragrance andAC, respectively.We show here the success of improving fragrance and intermediate AC by MAB and the
high efficiency of selection in early generations. In the present study, MAB accelerated the development
of superior qualities in the genetic background of Manawthukha. The improved Manawthukha should be
immediately useful for Myanmar farmers and will help farmers to increase their incomes.
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