The excess PV energy will be managed by the local controller
(paragraph V).
The energy management during the night (t0 +Δt< t <
t0 + 24 h) depends on the available energy from batteries in
homes. This energy can be estimated or communicated by
the E-box to the central EMS. In the night, two cases are
also distinguished. For both cases, the batteries have to be
discharged in order to be ready for charging the next day at t0.
According to the stored energy ( _Ebat(t0 + nTe)) and the rated
energy( _ Ebat_1/2h_max), the available energy of the batteries
during the next 1/2 h is obtained