Synthesis of phytosterol hemisuccinate (PSHS)Phytosterols (0.10–0.62 g), succinic anhydride (0.05–0.30 g), IL(0.004–0.036 g), solvent (10 mL) and a magnetic stirrer were added to a50-mL round bottle flask. Subsequently, the flask was fixed in an oilbath magnetic heating device equipped with a condensing tube. Theflask was heated to the set temperature and maintained for 15–90 minunder condensation reflux. The reaction parameters were optimized bychanging the catalyst type and dose, temperature, substrate molar ratio,substrate concentration and time. All reactions were performed at leasttwice.