วิเคราะห์ภาพThe HRCT images were assessed by two radiologists in consensus (TVe and TA in Helsinki, and RJ and TVi in Tampere and Turku). The assessment was performed blinded to smoking habits and other exposure data of the participants. For the assessment both lungs were divided into three zones: upper, middle and lower. Each of the six zones was scored for each HRCT sign on a scale of 0–3: 0—no definitive abnormality, 1—mild, 2—moderate and 3—severe abnormality. These were then summed up for both lungs. Final score 0 indicated a normal finding and the maximal score was the sum of scores (0–3) for each lung at three levels. The following main signs, as described in the Fleischner Society recommendations,14 were evaluated: (a) well-defined rounded opacities, <10mm in diameter (1=small opacities definitely present but few in number, 2=numerous small opacities and 3=small opacities very numerous, normal anatomical lung structures poorly visible, sum grade of six zones: 0–18); (b) irregular and/or linear opacities (1=abnormalities definitely present but few in number, 2=numerous abnormalities and 3=abnormalities very numerous, normal anatomical lung structures poorly visible, sum grades 0–18); (c) ground-glass opacities (GGOs) (1=focal, 2=patchy and 3=diffuse, sum grades 0–18); (d) honeycombing (1=up to 10mm, 2=>10–30mm extent in the subpleural parenchyma and 3=>30mm up to whole area, sum grades 0–18); and (e) emphysema (1=up to 15%, 2=between 15% and 30% and 3=>30% of the area of one zone, sum grades 0–18). In addition, the presence of several other radiological signs (yes/no) were noted and those with a relatively frequent occurrence (n⩾15) were included as outcomes in statistical analyses: bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, suspicion of lung cancer, calcified granuloma, dependent opacity, parenchymal band, rounded atelectasis, subpleural curvilinear line and tuberculosis. The scoring was conducted according to a published international system with standardized instructions and reference images.15
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
