There is currently considerable diversity in health impact assessment (HIA) practice internationally.
Historically this diversity has been described as simple dichotomies, for example the differences between
HIAs of projects and policies. However these distinctions have failed to adequately describe the differences
that can be observed between different forms of HIAs. This paper describes the three historical and
disciplinary fields from which HIA has emerged — environmental health, a social view of health, and health
equity. It also puts forward a typology of four different forms of HIA that can be observed in current HIA
practice: mandated, decision-support, advocacy, and community-led HIAs. This paper argues that these
different forms of HIA serve different purposes and are not necessarily in competition; rather they allow HIA
to be responsive to a range of population health concerns and purposes.
There is currently considerable diversity in health impact assessment (HIA) practice internationally.Historically this diversity has been described as simple dichotomies, for example the differences betweenHIAs of projects and policies. However these distinctions have failed to adequately describe the differencesthat can be observed between different forms of HIAs. This paper describes the three historical anddisciplinary fields from which HIA has emerged — environmental health, a social view of health, and healthequity. It also puts forward a typology of four different forms of HIA that can be observed in current HIApractice: mandated, decision-support, advocacy, and community-led HIAs. This paper argues that thesedifferent forms of HIA serve different purposes and are not necessarily in competition; rather they allow HIAto be responsive to a range of population health concerns and purposes.
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