Meat and fat were thawed (5 °C) overnight. A common procedure
was used to prepare meat batters in
three separate trials. Briefly, lean meat was chopped in the bowl chopper
at the low speed setting for 30 s, followed by the addition of 2.0%
NaCl, 0.6% frankfurter seasoning (Hela Spice Canada, Uxbridge, ON),
0.25% sodium tripolyphosphate, 150 ppm NaNO2, and chopping at
high speed for 30 s