Critics of Durkheim, however, have sometimes appeared to suggest that he is claiming that these expressive functions are all there is to punishment (Garland 1983; 1990a). Garland and other critics are undoubtedly correct when they say that expression and reinforcement of collective sentiments are represented as the core functions of punishment, that they are depicted as its essential features, and that in Durkheim's account the aspect of punishment that is a strategy for the control of crime is downplayed. The critical case is overstated, however, if it is claimed that Durkheim reduces punishment to the expression of collective sentiments (Garland 1983; 1990a; Lukes and Scull 1984).