Crops were harvested throughout the season as fruits matured. Total yields (the sum of marketable and unmarketable yields) were expressed per unit area and then used to compute land equivalent ratio (LER, Eq. (1)) following Mead and Willey (1980). For comparison, total yields were used rather than marketable yields in order to test the diversity–productivity relationship which takes into account total productivity (Tilman et al., 2001). To further justify the use of total yields, LERs based on total yields were compared to LERs based on marketable yields (Fig. A2) to ensure results were not inadvertently biased