that are involved in the innate immune response. Usually, it is the macrophages that see an antigen
first, and thus are the first cells to release IL-8 to recruit other cells. Both monomer and
homodimer forms of IL-8 have been reported to be potent inducers of the chemokines CXCR1 and CXCR2. The homodimer is more potent, but methylation of Leu25 can block activity of the dimers.IL-8 is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by viral infection. IL-8 is a member of the CXC chemokine family. The
genes encoding this and the other ten members of the CXC chemokine family form a cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 4q. อินเตอร์ลิวคิน-8 is often associated with inflammation. As an example, it has been cited as a proinflammatory mediator in gingivitis and psoriasis. The fact that อินเตอร์ลิวคิน-8 secretion is increased by oxidant stress, which thereby causes the recruitment of inflammatory cells induces a further increase in oxidant stress mediators, making it a key
parameter in localized inflammation.
[0098] ที่ควรใช้คือ the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory ไซโตไคน์ are reduced to levels normal for healthy individuals. A skilled is well aware of normal or healthy plasma level of
proinflammatory ไซโตไคน์. The plasma levels provided below may be used as a reference
point:
IL-1 a 20-40 pg/ml
IL-1fl: 1-5 pg/ml
IL-6: 3-15 pg/ml
IL-8: 3-30 pg/ml
TNF a: 5-25 pg/ml)
IL-18: 100-180 pg/ml
[0099] The present inventors have surprisingly found that a casein ไฮโดรไลเซต has a
beneficial effect on the suppression of pro-inflammatory response. It was also found that
especially an extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk peptide-containing ไฮโดรไลเซต had positive effects on the on the risk factors of inflammatory disease and especially type 1 diabetes.
Suitable ไฮโดรไลเซตs are casein ไฮโดรไลเซตs. It was furthermore found that dialysis of the ไฮโดรไลเซต with a cut-off of 500 Da renders a ไฮโดรไลเซต fraction that has even better effect on the suppression of การตอบสนองแบบส่งเสริมการอักเสบ. Accordingly, in particular embodiments, the ไฮโดรไลเซต ประกอบรวมด้วย peptides with a molecular weight of more than 500 Da, and in further embodiments, the ไฮโดรไลเซต ประกอบรวมด้วย peptides with a molecular weight in a range of 500 to 2000 Da. In other embodiments, the ไฮโดรไลเซต consists of peptides with a molecular weight
of more than 500 Da, and in further embodiments, the ไฮโดรไลเซต consists of peptides with a molecular weight in a range of 500 to 2000 Da.
[010 The following peptides have been identified in the ไฮโดรไลเซต and may have a
beneficial effect on an inflammatory response:
Table 1: identified peptide in the ไฮโดรไลเซต: