Between 1206 and 1526, much of India was ruled by the Delhi Sultanate, which was established by the heirs of Muhammad Shahab ud-Din Ghori, victor in the Second Battle of Tarain.
In 1526, the ruler of Kabul, a descendent of both Genghis Khan and Timur (Tamerlane) named Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur, attacked the much larger Sultanate army. Babur's force of some 15,000 was able to overcome Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi's 40,000 troops and 100 war elephants because the Timurids had field artillery. Gun-fire spooked the elephants, who trampled their own men in their panic.
Lodhi died in battle, and Babur established the Mughul ("Mongol") Empire, which ruled India until 1858, when the British colonial government took over.