2. Experiment 1
2.1. Participants and design
Forty-eight German eighth graders in higher track secondary
schools participated in this study. The mean age was 13.7 years
(SD = 0.6), and there were 22 girls and 26 boys. The study was based
on a between-subjects design, with two levels of text learning
(learner-generated drawings and control) as the single factor. Twentyfour
students served in the control group, and 24 served in the
drawing group.
2.2. Materials
All materials were paper-pencil based. The materials consisted
of five adjunct questionnaires, two learning booklets, two cognitive
load rating scales, and two posttests. The five adjunct
questionnaireswere intended to determine whether the groupswere