Almost all previous studies regarding the effects of suspended particles on aquatic organisms have indicated that suspended particles cause great adverse impacts on the survival, growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms (Hynes, 1970; Kirk and Gilbert, 1990; Newcombe and MacDonald, 1991; Walling et al., 2003; Greig et al., 2005; Robinson et al., 2010; Arendt et al., 2011; Jones et al., 2012). For example, laboratory experiments have shown that when feeding on the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, specific ingestion rates were low at high concentrations of suspended sediment forCalanus finmarchicus (>20 mg L1) and Pseudocalanus sp. (>50 mg L1) (Arendt et al., 2011). In laboratory experiments, life tables and population growth experiments showed that high yet naturally occurring concentrations (50–100 mg L1) of suspendedclay (<2 lm particle size) caused large reductions in the populationgrowth rates of four cladoceran species (i.e. Bosinina longirostris,Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia ambigua, and D. pulex) (Kirk and Gilbert,1990).
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