Abstracts
The globalisation of trade, environment and technology requires a continuous improvement of all products in
functionality and exact adaptation of materials to the conditions of use. Therefore the range of materials was
increased and the race of the designers as well as the material suppliers in finding the best solution for new
challenges is also a challenge for the steel foundries. This paper shows two examples of new cast steel types
and points out the aspects which are considered for research, development and for the introduction of newly
developed cast steel grades into commercial production. It also shows the technical and commercial issues
that are very often denied for the benefit of the final product from the very beginning. One example is a cast
steel for offshore structures with high yield strength in low temperature application and good weldability. The
second example is a new creep resistant cast steel grade used in advanced steam power plants at higher
temperatures and pressures for increase of efficiency and decrease of environmental pollution. No company or
even industrial sector can afford the expensive development of new processes and materials. Therefore
operators, manufacturers and material suppliers have to work together in a network of international projects
which make the contribution of a single company effective for the benefit of all partners involved, also for
competitors on the market. The role of steel foundries and the cast steel materials within this new type of
competition of materials is an important part for being successful with the development of new or advanced
processes and technologies.
1 Introduction
In the past the technology of cast steel was developed rapidly on base of classical methods
for foundry technology like solidification technique, sand systems, coating processes, melting
and pouring technique, and many other processes of steel foundries.
A lot of new methods were introduced, to improve the technology, quality and competition of
cast steel materials, methods like simulation of solidification, floating methods for coating
moulds, simulation of heat treatment and microstructure, etc.
Latest techniques which were introduced in foundries are rapid prototyping or robotics.
Parallel to these attainments and changes in steel foundry technology also the organisation
and management systems in industrial branches had to change, nevertheless due to a
dramatic change in market- and price policy [1].
New cast steel materials were developed and well known materials were modified for
improvement in properties and enlargement of their application.
But not only technologies developed, also standards for materials, non destructive testing,
and a lot of other applications changed or new standards were introduced.
Therefore the range of cast steel grades increased and there is a lot of new possibilities for
applications and variations.
One big change in standardisation is the introduction of international standards like CEN and
ISO in all fields of technology. We are right now within this process of change and foundry
experts are involved too less in the important discussions of the technical standardisation
committees.
As the results of these discussions will be content of new standards and requirements and
these requirements are a matter of costs for the foundries, the involvement of the steel foundry
experts is most important.
CAST STEEL
IN THE COMPETITION OF MATERIALS
Alfred R. Buberl
Reinhold Hanus
VOEST-ALPINE STAHL LINZ GmbH Steel Foundry, Linz, Austria
cast steel in the competition of materials Buberl, Hanus
Page 2
2 Steel foundry in wrap
2.1 Market and Costs
The economic situation, the existence of over capacities and struggles for market shares of
those industrial branches which need cast steel products, led to a drastic slump of the market
prices for foundry products. In Europe this trend was enhanced by the opening up to former
COMECON-Countries, on the one hand and by change of parity in currencies on the other
hand. The chance of survival of the foundry industry lies with the adjustment of the cost
structure to the international market situation. Total operating performance (TOP), including
defined targets in quality-, time- and cost-improvement, is one possibility to meet the new
challenges [1]. The installation of a lean organisation in combination with permanent
reengineering- and continuous improvement-programmes are modern management tools to
keep the price-cost-shear closed (see figure 1).
2.2 Competition
The old attitude towards development and know how is no longer valid. In the past for example
patterns and casting technology was always the secret of a foundry. In times when simulation
of solidification is a well known tool in foundry technology, but not every single foundry installs
the extensive equipment and specialists for programming, there are institutes and also some
foundries which offer their expertise in engineering and also patterns
AbstractsThe globalisation of trade, environment and technology requires a continuous improvement of all products infunctionality and exact adaptation of materials to the conditions of use. Therefore the range of materials wasincreased and the race of the designers as well as the material suppliers in finding the best solution for newchallenges is also a challenge for the steel foundries. This paper shows two examples of new cast steel typesand points out the aspects which are considered for research, development and for the introduction of newlydeveloped cast steel grades into commercial production. It also shows the technical and commercial issuesthat are very often denied for the benefit of the final product from the very beginning. One example is a caststeel for offshore structures with high yield strength in low temperature application and good weldability. Thesecond example is a new creep resistant cast steel grade used in advanced steam power plants at highertemperatures and pressures for increase of efficiency and decrease of environmental pollution. No company oreven industrial sector can afford the expensive development of new processes and materials. Thereforeoperators, manufacturers and material suppliers have to work together in a network of international projectswhich make the contribution of a single company effective for the benefit of all partners involved, also forcompetitors on the market. The role of steel foundries and the cast steel materials within this new type ofcompetition of materials is an important part for being successful with the development of new or advancedprocesses and technologies.1 IntroductionIn the past the technology of cast steel was developed rapidly on base of classical methodsfor foundry technology like solidification technique, sand systems, coating processes, meltingand pouring technique, and many other processes of steel foundries.A lot of new methods were introduced, to improve the technology, quality and competition ofcast steel materials, methods like simulation of solidification, floating methods for coatingmoulds, simulation of heat treatment and microstructure, etc.Latest techniques which were introduced in foundries are rapid prototyping or robotics.Parallel to these attainments and changes in steel foundry technology also the organisationand management systems in industrial branches had to change, nevertheless due to adramatic change in market- and price policy [1].New cast steel materials were developed and well known materials were modified forimprovement in properties and enlargement of their application.But not only technologies developed, also standards for materials, non destructive testing,and a lot of other applications changed or new standards were introduced.Therefore the range of cast steel grades increased and there is a lot of new possibilities forapplications and variations.One big change in standardisation is the introduction of international standards like CEN andISO in all fields of technology. We are right now within this process of change and foundryexperts are involved too less in the important discussions of the technical standardisationcommittees.As the results of these discussions will be content of new standards and requirements andthese requirements are a matter of costs for the foundries, the involvement of the steel foundryexperts is most important.CAST STEELIN THE COMPETITION OF MATERIALSAlfred R. BuberlReinhold HanusVOEST-ALPINE STAHL LINZ GmbH Steel Foundry, Linz, Austriacast steel in the competition of materials Buberl, HanusPage 22 Steel foundry in wrap2.1 Market and CostsThe economic situation, the existence of over capacities and struggles for market shares ofthose industrial branches which need cast steel products, led to a drastic slump of the marketprices for foundry products. In Europe this trend was enhanced by the opening up to formerCOMECON-Countries, on the one hand and by change of parity in currencies on the otherhand. The chance of survival of the foundry industry lies with the adjustment of the coststructure to the international market situation. Total operating performance (TOP), includingdefined targets in quality-, time- and cost-improvement, is one possibility to meet the newchallenges [1]. The installation of a lean organisation in combination with permanentการรื้อปรับระบบ- และ เครื่องมือการจัดการสมัยใหม่เพื่อพัฒนาโปรแกรมอย่างต่อเนื่องราคาต้นทุนเฉือนให้ปิด (ดูรูป 1)2.2 แข่งขันทัศนคติเดิมต่อพัฒนา และรู้ว่าไม่ถูกต้อง ในอดีตเช่นรูปแบบและเทคโนโลยีการหล่อได้เสมอความลับของโรงหล่อ ในเวลาเมื่อการจำลองsolidification เป็นเครื่องมือที่รู้จักกันดีในเทคโนโลยีโรงหล่อ โรงหล่อเดียวไม่ติดตั้ง แต่อุปกรณ์อย่างละเอียดและผู้เชี่ยวชาญสำหรับการเขียนโปรแกรม มีสถาบัน และบางแหล่งผลิตที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญของพวกเขาในวิศวกรรม และรูปแบบ
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