The ABE network is sufficiently impoverished that we found little evidence of financial resource exchanges, but that may not be true in substantive domains where members control greater pools of financial resources. Another fruitful avenue would be to carefully compare the literature on authorizing environments and bureaucratic service provision with the emerging literature on collaborative service provision. Of particular interest would be a comparison of the role public employees and unions play in the authorizing environment of bureaucratic service provision with the role that NAABE and the Providers Council play in the case we have presented.