Solvent extraction systems for the separation of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) from different aqueous
media, such as sulfate, chloride and nitrate were reviewed. The important parameters like extraction
efficiency, extraction reaction, separation selectivity and separation factor were discussed in the light of
the complex formation of the two metals and the nature of extractants. The studies showed the
possibility for the separation of zirconium and hafnium from different aqueous solutions using single
anionic, cationic, solvating extractants and extractant mixtures. The comparisons and summaries
presented in this review may guide the future direction for the solvent extraction separation of
zirconium and hafnium.