secretions are indicated by clinical assessment of a patient’s
respiratory status. Indications of a need for suctioning
include audible or visible secretions in the endotracheal
tubing, coarse breath sounds, coughing, increased work
of breathing, arterial desaturation, and/or bradycardia
due to secretions. Suctioning should also be performed
after chest physiotherapy. The instillation of physiological
saline should not be a routine part of endotracheal
suctioning. Instead of using physiological saline, health
care providers should control pulmonary secretions via
hydration, adequate humidification of inspired gas,
mucolytic agents, and effective mobilization of secretions.24
Circuit Changes
Circuit changes should be minimal in infants and
children and should be done only when the tubing is visibly
internally soiled or is malfunctioning.27 Minimal
manipulation of patients and tubing may lead to
decreases in contamination and subsequent pneumonia.27
Practice Recommendations
Bundles used to implement evidence-based clinical
best-practice guidelines are effective when implemented
on a nursing unit.28 The IHI has advocated use of a ventilator
bundle for adults,28 which consists of 4 practices
performed together that collectively are designed to
improve patients’ outcomes. Bundles specifically for
infants and children have not been generally available.
The bundle we propose (Table 5) provides a straightforward
list of nursing interventions to be followed when
caring for children receiving mechanical ventilation.
Implementationof the enhanced prevention bundle can lead to decreased mortality,
improved patient outcomes, decreased length of
stay, and decreased hospital costs.28,29
Pediatric critical care nurses play a vital role in applying
VAP prevention strategies and in identifying recommendations
for improvement. After collecting data in the
PICU, nursing staff can establish a VAP prevention bundle
for children that is based on Table 5. Monthly documentation
of HAIs in collaboration with the infection
control department within the PICU and pediatric inpatient
unit can keep the entire nursing staff abreast of
concerns and potential areas for improvement. Initiating
the use of a VAP prevention bundle provides evidencebased
alerts to adapt nursing care to prevention whenever
a patient being treated with mechanical ventilation is
admitted to or a current patient is intubated in the PICU.
Nurses can also be involved in designing studies that truly
document the effectiveness of bedside protocols. Maintaining
data collection over time with the use of the VAP
bundle will supply critical information on the effectiveness
of these nursing and respiratory interventions in changing
the incidence of VAP in a particular setting.
secretions are indicated by clinical assessment of a patient’s
respiratory status. Indications of a need for suctioning
include audible or visible secretions in the endotracheal
tubing, coarse breath sounds, coughing, increased work
of breathing, arterial desaturation, and/or bradycardia
due to secretions. Suctioning should also be performed
after chest physiotherapy. The instillation of physiological
saline should not be a routine part of endotracheal
suctioning. Instead of using physiological saline, health
care providers should control pulmonary secretions via
hydration, adequate humidification of inspired gas,
mucolytic agents, and effective mobilization of secretions.24
Circuit Changes
Circuit changes should be minimal in infants and
children and should be done only when the tubing is visibly
internally soiled or is malfunctioning.27 Minimal
manipulation of patients and tubing may lead to
decreases in contamination and subsequent pneumonia.27
Practice Recommendations
Bundles used to implement evidence-based clinical
best-practice guidelines are effective when implemented
on a nursing unit.28 The IHI has advocated use of a ventilator
bundle for adults,28 which consists of 4 practices
performed together that collectively are designed to
improve patients’ outcomes. Bundles specifically for
infants and children have not been generally available.
The bundle we propose (Table 5) provides a straightforward
list of nursing interventions to be followed when
caring for children receiving mechanical ventilation.
Implementationof the enhanced prevention bundle can lead to decreased mortality,
improved patient outcomes, decreased length of
stay, and decreased hospital costs.28,29
Pediatric critical care nurses play a vital role in applying
VAP prevention strategies and in identifying recommendations
for improvement. After collecting data in the
PICU, nursing staff can establish a VAP prevention bundle
for children that is based on Table 5. Monthly documentation
of HAIs in collaboration with the infection
control department within the PICU and pediatric inpatient
unit can keep the entire nursing staff abreast of
concerns and potential areas for improvement. Initiating
the use of a VAP prevention bundle provides evidencebased
alerts to adapt nursing care to prevention whenever
a patient being treated with mechanical ventilation is
admitted to or a current patient is intubated in the PICU.
Nurses can also be involved in designing studies that truly
document the effectiveness of bedside protocols. Maintaining
data collection over time with the use of the VAP
bundle will supply critical information on the effectiveness
of these nursing and respiratory interventions in changing
the incidence of VAP in a particular setting.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
secretions are indicated by clinical assessment of a patient’s
respiratory status. Indications of a need for suctioning
include audible or visible secretions in the endotracheal
tubing, coarse breath sounds, coughing, increased work
of breathing, arterial desaturation, and/or bradycardia
due to secretions. Suctioning should also be performed
after chest physiotherapy.ที่ใส่เข้าไปในน้ำเกลือทางสรีรวิทยา
ไม่ควรเป็นส่วนหนึ่งตามปกติของคา
โดย . แทนการใช้น้ำเกลือทางผู้ให้บริการสุขภาพ
ควรควบคุมการหลั่งผ่านปอด
ความชุ่มชื้นที่เพียงพอของก๊าซ humidification แรงบันดาลใจ
ผู้บัญชาการ ทหารเรือ และประสิทธิภาพของการหลั่ง . 24
วงจรวงจรการเปลี่ยนแปลงควรจะน้อยที่สุดในทารกและ
เด็ก และควรจะทำเฉพาะเมื่อท่อเห็นได้ชัด
ภายในสกปรกหรือ malfunctioning.27 น้อยที่สุด
การจัดการของผู้ป่วย และอาจนำไปสู่การลดลงในท่อและต่อมาปอดบวม
2
ฝึก 27 รวมกลุ่มใช้ที่จะใช้หลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ทางคลินิก
แนวทางการปฏิบัติที่ดีที่สุดที่มีประสิทธิภาพเมื่อใช้
ในหน่วยพยาบาล .28 ihi มีการสนับสนุนการใช้เครื่องช่วยหายใจ
Bundle สำหรับผู้ใหญ่ที่ 28 ซึ่งประกอบด้วย 4 การปฏิบัติ
แสดงด้วยกันที่เรียกถูกออกแบบมาเพื่อปรับปรุงผลลัพธ์ของผู้ป่วย
' การรวมกลุ่มเฉพาะ
ทารกและเด็กได้โดยทั่วไป .
มัดเราเสนอ ( ตารางที่ 5 ) มีรายการตรงไปตรงมา
ของพยาบาลที่จะปฏิบัติตามเมื่อ
การดูแลเด็กที่ใช้เครื่องช่วยหายใจ .
พัฒนาปรับปรุงการป้องกันกลุ่มสามารถนำไปสู่การปรับปรุงผลลัพธ์ของผู้ป่วยลดลงจาก
ลดความยาวของพัก และลดต้นทุนของโรงพยาบาล 28,29
กุมารเวชบำบัดวิกฤตพยาบาลมีบทบาทสำคัญในการใช้กลยุทธ์การป้องกันแว็ปและ
ระบุข้อเสนอแนะเพื่อปรับปรุง หลังจากรวบรวมข้อมูลใน picu
, nursing staff can establish a VAP prevention bundle
for children that is based on Table 5. Monthly documentation
of HAIs in collaboration with the infection
control department within the PICU and pediatric inpatient
unit can keep the entire nursing staff abreast of
concerns and potential areas for improvement. Initiating
the use of a VAP prevention bundle provides evidencebased
alerts to adapt nursing care to prevention whenever
a patient being treated with mechanical ventilation is
admitted to or a current patient is intubated in the PICU.
Nurses can also be involved in designing studies that truly
document the effectiveness of bedside protocols. Maintaining
data collection over time with the use of the VAP
bundle will supply critical information on the effectiveness
of these nursing and respiratory interventions in changing
the incidence of VAP in a particular setting.
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