Fishes are major part of the human diet due to rich protein content, low saturated fat and sufficient Omega-3 fatty acid which are known to support good health. C. Carpio is an exotic fish species for India. It is commercially exploited with (14.20%) in the Ganga river (largest river in India) at Allahabad [1].
The pollution of the aquatic environment with heavy metal has become a worldwide problem, because they are indestructible and most of them have toxic effects on organism [2]. Fishes have been widely used as bio-indicator of pollution by metals. Heavy metals from manmade pollution sources are continually released into aquatic systems, and they are a serious threat because of their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in the food chain [3]. The natural aquatic systems have been extensively be contaminated with heavy metals released from domestic, industrial and other manmade activities [4]. Among fishes are the inhabitants that cannot escape from the detrimental effects of these pollutants [5]. There are two main routes of heavy metals exposure [6] the primary route of intake of these chemicals in fish species is via gills or transport of dissolved contamination water across biological membranes and ionic exchange etc. 2) the secondary route is through ingestion of food or sediment particles with subsequent transport across the gut. Gastrointestinal route is the most important route of uptake [7]. Heavy metals are known to distort the structural or biological functions of biomolecules [8]. Since metals act as endocrine disruptors, they can interfere with metabolism, synthesis and transport of hormones or receptors [9, 10]. The bioaccumulation of trace elements in living organisms and biomagnifications in them describes the processes and pathways of these (possible) pollutants from one tropic level to another, exhibiting the higher bioaccumulation ability in the organisms concerned. Increasing concentration through the food chain caused higher retention time of toxic substances than that of the other normal food components. Therefore, various fish species are ideally used as bio-indicators of metal contamination [11]. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of certain heavy metals in Gomti river water (at Lucknow) and muscle, gill and liver of Cyprinus carpio.
ปลาส่วนใหญ่ของอาหารมนุษย์เนื่องจากอุดมไปด้วยโปรตีน ไขมันอิ่มตัว และกรดไขมันโอเมก้า 3 เพียงพอที่ทราบว่าสนับสนุนสุขภาพที่ดีได้ C. Carpio เป็นพันธุ์ปลาที่แปลกใหม่ที่อินเดีย มันจะสามารถ (14.20%) ในเชิงพาณิชย์ในคอย (แม่น้ำที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในอินเดีย) ใน Allahabad [1] The pollution of the aquatic environment with heavy metal has become a worldwide problem, because they are indestructible and most of them have toxic effects on organism [2]. Fishes have been widely used as bio-indicator of pollution by metals. Heavy metals from manmade pollution sources are continually released into aquatic systems, and they are a serious threat because of their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in the food chain [3]. The natural aquatic systems have been extensively be contaminated with heavy metals released from domestic, industrial and other manmade activities [4]. Among fishes are the inhabitants that cannot escape from the detrimental effects of these pollutants [5]. There are two main routes of heavy metals exposure [6] the primary route of intake of these chemicals in fish species is via gills or transport of dissolved contamination water across biological membranes and ionic exchange etc. 2) the secondary route is through ingestion of food or sediment particles with subsequent transport across the gut. Gastrointestinal route is the most important route of uptake [7]. Heavy metals are known to distort the structural or biological functions of biomolecules [8]. Since metals act as endocrine disruptors, they can interfere with metabolism, synthesis and transport of hormones or receptors [9, 10]. The bioaccumulation of trace elements in living organisms and biomagnifications in them describes the processes and pathways of these (possible) pollutants from one tropic level to another, exhibiting the higher bioaccumulation ability in the organisms concerned. Increasing concentration through the food chain caused higher retention time of toxic substances than that of the other normal food components. Therefore, various fish species are ideally used as bio-indicators of metal contamination [11]. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of certain heavy metals in Gomti river water (at Lucknow) and muscle, gill and liver of Cyprinus carpio.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
