where C= 0.09 is a model constant. In Eq. (1), the turbulent kinetic energy (k) and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (ε) are simulated by two transport equations. The transport equations for k–ε respectively, where t is time, Pk is the turbulent kinetic energy generated by the average velocity gradient, Pb is the turbulence kinetic energy generated due to buoyancy, and YM is the contribution of the fluctuating dilatation in compressible turbulence to the