Through an analysis of the effects of radiant and convective heat transfer modes on the browning of cookies during baking, Shibukawa et al. (1989) claimed that as the surface temperature increases, the surface color becomes darker, regardless of the heat transfer mode. They also found that the difference in color depended only on the surface temperature. Thus, the difference between the rates of color development for the two heat transfer modes was a result of the difference between the rates of increase of the surface temperature, even when the same air temperature was used in the oven. Similar results were obtained in the present study.