Deconstructive reading is of a special kind in terms, for example, of showing that it is an illusion to suppose that language is transparent. That is, it reflects the views that we cannot grasp reality directly without language and that language distorts. For Derrida, there is no world of the signified independent of the signifier; the term signifier here designates a symbol (e.g., a word like manager), and the term signified designates what it is to which the signifier refers (e.g., the person signified as manager). Language helps to construct reality rather than simply recording reality. Parallel to the way that the Freudian analyst uses the aberration (the Freudian slip, for example) in penetrating through to the unconscious of the patient, a deconstructive approach is to identify a rift in the narrative text. Through this rift or critical point, the deconstruction shows how the text distorts by the text's inescapable reliance on binary oppositions and irreducible metaphors. It shows that there are multiple varieties of meaning in the text and that the text constrains the meaning that the writer can express.