In this study, we used DNA sequence data from three coding regions of the mitochondrion to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genus Ateles and examine some of the biogeographic
propositions outlined above. Specifically, using samples of the seven putative species of spider monkeys (sensu Groves, 2001) collected from across the genus’ geographic range, along with samples from animals in captivity with good provenience, we (a) infer the phylogenetic relationships among these taxa, (b) evaluate whether the currently recognized species of spider monkeys form reciprocally monophyletic groups that are concordant with contemporary classifications, (c) estimate divergence dates among the different lineages of Ateles, and (d) outline plausible biogeographic scenarios for the genus’ expansion and diversification