Like many native tree species, C. alba is a slow-growth tree,
demonstrated by its average growth of 1.62cm during the assessment
period, across all conditions. It only grew significantly within
the native forest (p < 0.001), but it did not grow within the A. dealbata
stand. However, its shade and drought tolerance allow C. alba
to survive under the A. dealbata dense stands. Acacia alellophatic
characteristics could explain the limited growth (Lorenzo et al.,
2008). For other Acacia spp., this seems to be the most important
constraint that restricts the growth and development of many
species under its canopy (Marchante et al., 2008, 2009). The allelopathic
effects could even deter the establishment of new plants of
A. dealbata. However, we cannot disregard other factors, such as
intense competition for light and water under the dense invasive
stands.