Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) are the major raw material for chocolate production and fermentation of the
beans is essential for the development of chocolate flavor precursors. In this study, a novel approach was used
to determine the role of yeasts in cocoa fermentation and their contribution to chocolate quality. Cocoa bean fermentations
were conductedwith the addition of 200 ppmNatamycin to inhibit the growth of yeasts, and the resultant
microbial ecology and metabolism, bean chemistry and chocolate quality were compared with those of
normal (control) fermentations. The yeasts Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii and Kluyveromyces
marxianus, the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum and the acetic acid bacteria
Acetobacter pasteurianus and Gluconobacter frateuriiwere the major species found in the control fermentation. In
fermentations with the presence of Natamycin, the same bacterial species grew but yeast growth was inhibited.
Physical and chemical analyses showed that beans fermented without yeasts had increased shell content, lower
production of ethanol, higher alcohols and esters throughout fermentation and lesser presence of pyrazines in
the roasted product. Quality tests revealed that beans fermented without yeasts were purplish-violet in color
and not fully brown, and chocolate prepared from these beans tasted more acid and lacked characteristic chocolate
flavor. Beans fermented with yeast growth were fully brown in color and gave chocolate with typical characters
which were clearly preferred by sensory panels. Our findings demonstrate that yeast growth and activity
were essential for cocoa bean fermentation and the development of chocolate characteristics.
Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) are the major raw material for chocolate production and fermentation of the
beans is essential for the development of chocolate flavor precursors. In this study, a novel approach was used
to determine the role of yeasts in cocoa fermentation and their contribution to chocolate quality. Cocoa bean fermentations
were conductedwith the addition of 200 ppmNatamycin to inhibit the growth of yeasts, and the resultant
microbial ecology and metabolism, bean chemistry and chocolate quality were compared with those of
normal (control) fermentations. The yeasts Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii and Kluyveromyces
marxianus, the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum and the acetic acid bacteria
Acetobacter pasteurianus and Gluconobacter frateuriiwere the major species found in the control fermentation. In
fermentations with the presence of Natamycin, the same bacterial species grew but yeast growth was inhibited.
Physical and chemical analyses showed that beans fermented without yeasts had increased shell content, lower
production of ethanol, higher alcohols and esters throughout fermentation and lesser presence of pyrazines in
the roasted product. Quality tests revealed that beans fermented without yeasts were purplish-violet in color
and not fully brown, and chocolate prepared from these beans tasted more acid and lacked characteristic chocolate
flavor. Beans fermented with yeast growth were fully brown in color and gave chocolate with typical characters
which were clearly preferred by sensory panels. Our findings demonstrate that yeast growth and activity
were essential for cocoa bean fermentation and the development of chocolate characteristics.
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Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) are the major raw material for chocolate production and fermentation of the
beans is essential for the development of chocolate flavor precursors. In this study, a novel approach was used
to determine the role of yeasts in cocoa fermentation and their contribution to chocolate quality. Cocoa bean fermentations
เป็นเชิงเพิ่ม 200 ppmnatamycin เพื่อยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของยีสต์และจุลินทรีย์ซึ่ง
นิเวศวิทยาและเมแทบอลิซึม เคมี และคุณภาพ ช็อกโกแลต ถั่ว โดยเปรียบเทียบกับบรรดา
ปกติ ( ควบคุม ) fermentations . จากยีสต์ hanseniaspora guilliermondii pichia kudriavzevii kluyveromyces
marxianus , และ , the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum and the acetic acid bacteria
Acetobacter pasteurianus and Gluconobacter frateuriiwere the major species found in the control fermentation. In
fermentations with the presence of Natamycin, the same bacterial species grew but yeast growth was inhibited.
Physical and chemical analyses showed that beans fermented without yeasts had increased shell content, lower
production of ethanol, higher alcohols and esters throughout fermentation and lesser presence of pyrazines in
the roasted product. Quality tests revealed that beans fermented without yeasts were purplish-violet in color
and not fully brown, and chocolate prepared from these beans tasted more acid and lacked characteristic chocolate
flavor. Beans fermented with yeast growth were fully brown in color and gave chocolate with typical characters
which were clearly preferred by sensory panels. Our findings demonstrate that yeast growth and activity
เป็นสิ่งจำเป็นสำหรับการหมักเมล็ดโกโก้และการพัฒนาคุณลักษณะของช็อกโกแลต
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