Basically, task complexity can be understood in many ways, composing diverse properties
that make up the term (Campbell 1988). In this research, we define the complexity to
reflect three-dimensional properties.
(1) Task-related uncertainty: whether collaborative works required prescribed procedures in
order to minimize operational uncertainty.
(2) Value differences: whether the implementation of programs has a diverse magnitude of
stakeholder multiplicity.
(3) Time slackness between the emerged problems and responses