Energy for buildings is used for heating and cooling and also for ventilation and air filtration. Ventilation is an essential aspect of building operation, and it has been shown that an increase in ventilation rate can improve occupant health and productivity [25-30] and reduce the energy consumption of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system of office buildings. This is due to the advantage of free cooling during mild weather, when the outdoor temperature is equal to, or lower than, the desired indoor temperature[31]. However, increasing the ventilation rate can also increase indoor pollutant levels, particularly airborne particles, especially in buildings located in areas affected by vehicle emissions [32-36] and where urban secondary particle formation occurs [37]. In such cases, outside air should be filtered before being introduced into the buildings and hence creating an energy demand. This elevated energy demand of commercial buildings is heterogeneously spread over the urban landscape, thus placing uneven demands on the local energy distribution infrastructures. Especially for electricity, the challenge of the management of this demand against supply is exacerbated by the growth in the connection of local renewable energy generation systems (such as roof–mounted solar photovoltaic panels), leading in some cases to serious issues for electricity distribution network operators controlling power flows to meet supply requirements whilst maintaining operational efficiency.