some teacher follow the same routine virtually every class period, as they review homework,introduce a new concept, use the new skill in an activity,and,it there is time,have independent practice. Other teachers use visual cues to signal a transition as opposed to a routineset of activities. For example, playing music,ringing a bell, or flickering the light may signal to students that they need to complete a task before the class can move to the next activity. Techniques and routines such as these can capture minutes a day that add up to intructional hours over the course of the school year.