Notably, below 120 °C, the TRS concentration slightly increased with the extension of the reaction time. All of these results served to suggest that the proper TRS-formation con- ditions are high temperature (140 °C) and a short reaction time (1 h). In a comparable study, Mutripah et al. (2014) reported that homogeneous acid hydrolysis of red macro-algae Palmaria palmata under 0.4 M sulfuric acid, 125 °C, 25 min conditions yielded 218 mg of TRS (27 mg of glucose and 127.6 mg of galactose) per gram of seaweed.