ภาคผนวก APPENDIX E- —ความเห็นเกี่ยวกับการโหลดทดสอบความการทดสอบความเร็วในการโหลดเครนต้องอยู่ภายใต้เงื่อนไขต่อไปนี้1 รถเครนใหม่ที่ถูกวางไว้ในการให้บริการ2 รถเครนที่ถูกย้ายอย่างถาวร3 รถเครนชั่วคราวหลังจากที่แต่ละแท่นขุดเจาะขึ้นหรือการย้ายถิ่นฐานทดสอบโหลดเครนไม่จำเป็นต้องใช้ในการกำหนด4.3.3 โหลดนำไปใช้เครนในระหว่างการทดสอบที่ควรจะเป็นเลือกอย่างระมัดระวังโดยการตรวจสอบ ตั้งแต่โหลดทดสอบอยู่บนพื้นฐานของแผนภูมิคะแนนเครนที่ รูป คือกราฟของกำลังการผลิตเทียบกับรัศมีสำหรับทั่วไปเครน คะแนนสำหรับรถเครนจะถูก จำกัด อยู่เสมอโดยต่ำสุดที่จุดเส้นโค้งทั้งหมดดังแสดงในรูปE.1 โหลดคะแนนแผนภูมิควรจะแสดงความจุสูงสุดรัศมีแต่ละหมายเหตุพื้นที่สีเทาสำหรับรถเครนทั่วไปหัวเรือใหญ่กับ line A, ดึงสายและความแรงของลวดสลิง ระหว่างจุด จำกัด โดยในช่วงการเปลี่ยนช่วงเวลา COMMENTARY ON LOAD TESTING
A crane load test is required under the following conditions:
1. New cranes being placed into service.
2. Cranes that are being permanently relocated.
3. Temporary cranes after each rig-up or relocation.
Crane load testing is not required to determine the Þtness
of repairs or alterations, provided the repair and replacement
procedures outlined in 4.3.3 are followed.
The load applied to the crane during the test should be
carefully chosen by the designated qualiÞed inspector. Since
the test loads are based on the crane rating chart, the qualiÞed
inspector must be familiar with the applicable load-rating
chart. Figure E.1 is a graph of capacity vs. radius for a typical
crane. The rating for the crane is always limited by the lowest
point of all the curves as shown in Figure E.1. The load-rating
chart should show the maximum capacity for each radius.
Note the shaded area for the typical crane rigged with twopart
line and the transition points A and B. To the left of point
A, the rated load is limited by the available hoist line pull and
wire rope strength. Between points A and B, the rated load is
limited by the over turning moment (OTM); and to the right
of point B, the rated load is limited by the boom suspension
system. This graph has been greatly simpliÞed for this illustration
and the qualiÞed inspector should be aware that curves
for the boom, gantry, swing bearing, etc., have been omitted
for clarity. Since it is obviously impossible to test all of the
crane components at the same time, the qualiÞed inspector
should choose test loads that speciÞcally stress the repaired or
altered component. Since the craneÕs hoists and ropes will be
used to impose the overload on the crane, the qualiÞed
inspector should choose a test load that is within the capacity
of the hoist(s) and rope(s) as normally rigged. The crane
should not be rigged with extra parts of line to lift a greater
test load at a closer radius. The test load can be imposed on
the crane with a lesser load at a greater radius.
Using Figure E.1 as an example, the rated load for a fourpart
line at 20 feet has the same OTM as a two-part line at 40
feet. To the right of point A, a two-part line is capable of overloading
the crane while the auxiliary line cannot overload the
crane at any radius. The qualiÞed inspector should be aware
that line pull on many nonmechanical and electric hoists may
be self-limiting. The load test requires only that these hoists
when self-limiting lift at least 100% of rated load.
The qualiÞed inspector should also take into consideration
the maximum and minimum boom angles that are usually
employed in material transfer over the side of the unit. Consideration
should be given to the maximum parts of line that
the crane would reasonably be expected to use. For example,
a test conducted with a two-part main line may be valid for
four-part reeving if the altered component is the boom point
sheave shaft. It is therefore the responsibility of the qualiÞed
inspector to select the load test procedures best suited for the
requirements and conditions of each test.
Recommended Load Test Procedures
Date: _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Crane Owner: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Platform or Vessel Name: _________________________________________________________________________________
Crane Manufacturer: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Crane Model: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Crane Serial Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Boom Length, Main: ________________________________________ Boom Length, Auxiliary: ______________________
Parts of line, Main Hoist: _____________________________________ Auxiliary Hoist: _____________________________
OwnerÕs Representative:* _________________________________________________________________________________
QualiÞed Inspector:* _____________________________________________________________________________________
InspectorÕs Company/Agency: _____________________________________________________________________________
Notes:
1. Crane shall be operated during test in accordance with API Recommended Practice 2D, latest edition.
2. Crane shall be thoroughly inspected per API Recommended Practice 2D, 4.1.2 ÒAnnual Inspection,Ó before and after the test.
Attention should be given to rigging used to attach loads. Tag lines should be used on test loads.
3. Test weights or dynamometer should be veriÞed for accuracy by qualiÞed inspector.
4. All lifts should be planned in advance taking into account the craneÕs physical location, the available space for staging and assembling
the test loads and the hazardous areas to be avoided.
5. Crane load indicators shall not be used to test cranes, but the readings should be recorded on each lift where load indicators are
installed on the crane.
* May be one individual.
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Reproduced by IHS under license with API
Document provided by IHS Licensee=Unocal/5958404001, 04/20/2004 22:22:06 MDT
Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group
at 303-397-2295.
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