In order to enlist the support of the scholar class, Wu Chao became a patron of literature and missioned a group, called ‘Scholars of the North Gate’, to produce books on a variety of subjects. Textbooks were needed, particularly for those taking the civil service examinations, a route into the bureaucracy; so also were books on procedures for state ceremonies and rituals, on music and poetry, and biographies of men and women. The scholars also prepared state papers, wrote speeches, tutored, became librarians secretaries and officials. A number of biographies of Kati of this period clearly indicate that appointments to high government posts increased respect for them. Regardless of her motive for enlisting their support, Wu Chao's patronage raised the intellectual level of the bureaucracy