1. Introduction
Globally, the textile dyeing industry is known to be one of the major contributors to environmental pollution (Christie, 2007). This is mainly due to heavy discharges of inorganic salts, alkalis, other processing aids such as surfactants and organic matter such as dyes to effluent. Particularly, effluents from dyeing cotton with reactive dyes are highly polluted and have high oxygen demand, colour, and salt load. The industry also consumes large volumes of clean water. Effluent treatment and water-recycling can play a significant role in reducing discharge pollution and providing reusable processing water. A brief account of such treatments is presented at the end of the paper due to their wide practice. However, these treatments are expensive. The better approach would obviously be to modifying the textile processing technologies and chemistry to reduce the effluent pollution. Such preventive approach to environment protection has become more significant worldwide during 1990s (Schramm and Jantschgi, 1999). As a result, the practice of determining 'best available techniques technologies (BAT)' and maintaining BAT documents started.