4. สนทนาThe results showed that post-treatment mean bodyweights were lower than the pretreatment mean bodyweights in the extract treated rats of both sexes, while the control rats gained weight The changes in weights were however statistically insignificant(P005) and this observation was in line with our previous finding<15> The number of pups delivered by females rats of group II, III and I7 in which either one or both member(s) were treated with the ethanol extract were fewer than those of groups I and 7 in which non of the coupled rats received any extract In fact two rats (R1 and R4) in group III and two in group I7 (R2 and R3) had no pups despite having continuously mated like the other females This observation points to some reduction in the fertility of these rats The average number of rat pups delivered in each group were lower in groups II, III and I7 compared to those of groups I and 7 Besides, all the female rats in groups I and 7 got pregnant (100 pregnancy rates), only 50 of the female rats in groups II, III and I7, where either one or both members of the coupled rats had received the extract treatment, got pregnant This observation further gives some credence to the existence of contraceptive effects in this extract The observation that the coital freRuencies for each couple of male and female rats, estimated indirectly by confirmation of the presence of vaginal sperm plug in the female rats during the 14-day period of continuous mating, ranged from 2 to 5 for groups I to 7 with some of the highest coital freRuencies observed in rats in the extract treated groups II and III, suggests that the extract could not have reduced the fertility and fecundity of the rats by inhibition of libido The results also showed that the average coital freRuency for each group rounded to the nearest whole number ranged from 4 to 5 days during the two weeks of continuous cohabitation of the female and male rats and these rates were not significantly different (P005) between the groups of coupled rats, further suggesting that a depreciation of the libido in rats was unlikely to have contributed to any reduced fertility and fecundity in rat couples exposed to the ethanol extract The results also suggest that the extract has anti-fertility effects on ethanol extract treated female rats that were mated with control male rats However a combined anti-fertility action was not observed as there were no differences in the number of pups per rat, average number of pups per group, number of pregnancy per group ( pregnancy rates) and coital freRuencies, when group I7 was compared with groups II and IIIข้อสังเกตข้างต้นเพิ่มเติม corroborate สรุปจากการศึกษาก่อนหน้านี้ที่แนะนำอยู่เป็นไปได้ของศักยภาพคุมกำเนิดในสารสกัดเอทานอลของใบไม้ annus H. < 13 > กลไกพื้นฐานของการดำเนินการนี้เป็นการแนะนำในการศึกษาก่อนหน้านี้อาจมีความเป็นพิษโดยตรงในการลิ้มลอง หรือ hypothalamo-ต่อมใต้สมอง-gonadal แกน < 13 > epididymal ไรและความเป็นพิษของเซลล์ sertoli อาจยังแปลผลต้าน spermatogenic < 1, 20 > ในหนู phytoestrogens อาหารสัมผัสทารกแรกเกิดที่มีการรายงานลดอสุจิความเข้มข้นและพลาสม่าฮอร์โมน < 21,22 > sertoli เซลล์หมายเลข < 21 >, < 23 > ยีนและ subseRuent มีบุตรยาก < 24 > คล้ายโครงสร้าง และการทำงานเปลี่ยนแปลงรายงานในผู้ใหญ่หนู < 25 > ถ้าสามารถแสดงเป็นสเตอรอยด์ในสารสกัดเอทานอล
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