Acid gases such as HCl and SO2 are harmful both for human health and ecosystem integrity, hence their
removal is a key step of the flue gas treatment of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants. Methods based on the
injection of dry sorbents are among the Best Available Techniques for acid gas removal. In particular, systems
based on double reaction and filtration stages represent nowadays an effective technology for emission
control. The aim of the present study is the simulation of a reference two-stage (2S) dry treatment
system performance and its comparison to three benchmarking alternatives based on single stage sodium
bicarbonate injection. A modelling procedure was applied in order to identify the optimal operating configuration
of the 2S system for different reference waste compositions, and to determine the total annual
cost of operation. Taking into account both operating and capital costs, the 2S system appears the most
cost-effective solution for medium to high chlorine content wastes. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis
was carried out to assess the robustness of the results.