2.3. Process evaluation
The concentration processes were evaluated with respect to
permeate flux and volumetric reduction ratio (VRR), which were
calculated according to the following equations:
J ¼
V
A t ð1Þ
VRR ¼
VC
VF
ð2Þ
where V is the permeated volume in a time t, A is the membrane
surface area, VC is the final volume of concentrate and VF is the initial
feed volume.The concentration factor (CF), defined as the concentration
of the component i in concentrate (Xi,C) and feed (Xi,F)
fractions was also calculated
2.3. Process evaluationThe concentration processes were evaluated with respect topermeate flux and volumetric reduction ratio (VRR), which werecalculated according to the following equations:J ¼VA t ð1ÞVRR ¼VCVFð2Þwhere V is the permeated volume in a time t, A is the membranesurface area, VC is the final volume of concentrate and VF is the initialfeed volume.The concentration factor (CF), defined as the concentrationof the component i in concentrate (Xi,C) and feed (Xi,F)fractions was also calculated
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