rThe knockdown of OsLTPL36 resulted in reduced seed setting rate and grains with higher chalkiness rate. The seed developmental course was investigated by cytological section of seeds.Histological analysis showed that the embryo development process was delayed in OsLTPL36-RNAi lines (Fig. 5B1–B5, refer to typeI). In WT, the embryonic shoot apical meristem differentiated after late globular stage (3 DAP), the first leaf primordium emerged at5 DAP, and the second and third leaf primordial at 7 DAP, subsequently (Fig. 5A1–A5). In OsLTPL36-RNAi lines, the embryos stayed at late globular embryo stage in 5 DAP (Fig. 5B2), and at 7 DAP