In terms of internal validity, there should not be much doubt that incidents of unsportsmanlike blocking of lay-ups may serve as a meaningful reflec- tion of players’ related violence schemata. In terms of external validity, however, much refinement is needed in future research. The very impor- tance of such blocking as the only way to prevent an otherwise unavoidable successful shot might have reduced the importance assigned to the dispo- sitions of offense players in the present study. Possibly, in non-extreme offense–defense episodes the defender might assign greater importance to the dispositions of the potential victim. The likelihood of violent acts of defense should decrease as a function of the aggressiveness and the victi- misation of the offender.