Prevention Costs
-Quality engineering
-Quality training
-Recruiting
-Quality audits
-Design reviews
-Quality circles
-Marketing research
-Prototype inspection
-Vendor certification
Appraisal (Detection ) Costs
-Inspection of materials
-Packaging inspection
-Product acceptance
-Process acceptance
-Field testing
-Continuing supplier verification
Internal Failure Costs
-Scrap
-Rework
-Downtime ( defect-related )
-Reinspection
-Retesting
-Design changes
-Repairs
External Failure Costs
-Lost sales ( performance-related )
-Returns / allowances
-Warranties
-Discounts due to defects
-Product Liability
-Complaint adjustment
-Recalls
-Ill will