The effects of the application of batch PEF treatments of different intensities on the improvement of the CI, AC, and TPI in different grape varieties at the end of the macerationfermentation step are summarized in Table 1. The potential of PEF to improve mass transfer in winemaking has been investigated by subjecting grape pomace samples to treatment at an electric field strength ranging from 2 to 10 kV/cm (0.4e6.7 kJ/kg). Generally the application of a PEF treatment was more effective at higher electric field strengths except for some varieties. In Cabernet Sauvignon the most successful treatment was at 5 kV/cm, and in Graciano at the lowest intensity investigated (2 kV/cm). Considering the most effective treatments for each grape variety, the application of a PEF treatment increased the CI of the wine between 19 and 61%, the AC between 18 and 43%, and the TPI between 14 and 45%.