the cup cake formula for 18 cupcakes consisted of 150 g rice flour with different particle size distributions, 120 g sugar, 2 g salt,300 g egg, 30 g rice wine and 30 g oil. The egg, sugar and salt were mixed well in a water bath (50 C) and the mixture was transferred to a 2.84 L Hobart mixing bowl. The mixture was mixed at a high
speed to form foam and to be made to homogenize generously at a low speed. Rice flour, which has been sifted twice, was added and all the ingredients were mixed with a flat beater at a low speed for 30 s. The cake batter was scraped down, and the rice wine and oil were added into bowl and mixed well. The gravity of rice flour batter was adjusted to 0.38 similar to regular cupcake batter using wheat flour and the batter was transferred to 18 baking cups (B 10 cm, 35 g). Baking was performed in an oven at 180 C top and 150 C bottom (Deck oven, Sam Mi Ind. Co., Seoul, Korea) for 15-
20 min. Then it was left to cool in the cup for 1 h.