Despite controversy over the association between maternal periodontal infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes, most experts recommend professional plaque removal, regular dental follow-ups and daily oral hygiene practices to mini- mise gingivitis and periodontitis in pregnant women (RaberDurlacher et al. 1994). In 2004, the American Academy of Periodontology released recommendations that ‘all women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy should undergo periodontal examination. Appropriate preventive or therapeutic services, if indicated, should be provided’