These analyses also completely dismiss the experience of many students who are assigned to developmental education but fail to make it through their assigned sequence. There are some positive results in the Attewell et al. (2006), Bettinger and Long (2005b, 2009), and Boatman and Long (2010) studies ofthe effects of enrollment in or assignment to remediation, but these studies also mostly find no effects and reveal as many negative effects as positive ones. Do we overgeneralize from results that are only valid at the remediation margin? The criticism that regression discontinuity studies cannot be generalized because they are valid for only those students around the cutoff score is a reasonable one for any single study, but there are now several studies that examine cutoff scores at different levels Results for very low cutoff scores (or margins between multiple levels of remediation) are similar to results for higher scores. What are the implications of these conclusions? Research analyzes outcomes for large samples of students and reveals "average" effects, but there is wide variation around those central tendencies. If on average the effects of remediation are disappointing, that does not mean that there are not many individual students who do benefit. This is partly reflected in the positive findings from some of the studies. Because faculty and administrators see these students and can observe the progress that they make, it is often difficult to understand research that concludes that on average there is little effect. We certainly have not argued for the wholesale elimination of prerequisite developmental education. In fact, we have publicly argued against approaches that do not provide students with very weak academic skills the supports they need (Bailey, Hughes, & Jaggars, 2012). The corequisite model, in which many students assessed into remediation are placed in college-level courses with some additional supports, seems appropriate for students at the upper end of the developmental spectrum. It may also be appropriate for students in certain occupational certificate programs who require a limited and specific set of math, reading, and writing skills to succeed in their chosen occupation. However, very poorly prepared students aspiring to an associate degree or beyond need a different model.