In contrast to sleep duration on weekdays, adolescents slept approximately 1.5 hours longer on weekends (7.60 vs 9.23 h). Consistent with our previous finding among school-aged children, a similar phenomenon of sleep debt on weekdays and subsequent sleep compensation on weekends was found once again in adolescents [30]. Taken together, these studies suggest that the practice of insufficient sleep is widespread among school-aged children through high school adolescents. Statistical gender difference in weekday insufficient sleep duration was found (boys 46.9% vs girls 54.8%; χ2 = 30.25, P < 0.001), which is very similar to the results of a study in Spanish adolescents aged 13–18.5 years [31].
Compared with their peers in Australia (mean 8.28 h during school days) [32], Belgium (mean 10.00 h) [18], Chinese adolescents slept ~20 min to nearly 2 h and 30 min fewer. The difference in sleep duration could have physiological significance since previous research showed that modest change in sleep duration (~40 min on three consecutive nights) can improve (in the case of extension) or worsen (in the case of restriction) adolescents' neurobehavioral functioning [33]. Accordingly, efforts to examine factors related to sleep duration and to develop effective interventions to increase the duration of Chinese adolescents' sleep would seem necessary.
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