This definition has been adopted and cited by most studies for the last 35 y, in particular, it was applied to classify fungi occurring vertically on salt marsh plants including Juncus roemerianus, Spartina alterniflora ( Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, 2000 and Al-Nasrawi and Hughes, 2012) and Spartinamaritima ( Barata, 2002) and the mangrove plant Acanthus illicifolius ( Sadaba et al., 1995).