It is obviously impossible to eliminate all the confounding
variables that could influence the positive correlation
between social learning and innovation. Our conclusion that
there is no trade-off (caused, for example by limited memory
or fixed innovator–copier roles) between the abilities measured
here is thus a tentative one, subject to confirmation by
future work. The conclusion is nevertheless consistent with
all but one study comparing social and individual routes to
the adoption of new feeding techniques. Reader and Laland’s
(2002) work on 116 primates, Sasvari’s ( ´ 1985a,b) work on
five passerines, Whittle’s (1996; reanalysed by Seferta et al.
2001) experiments on two finch species and Lefebvre et al.’s
(1996) work on two Columbiformes all yield a positive correlation
between social learning and either individual innovation
or learning (reviewed by Lefebvre and Giraldeau 1996).
Lefebvre and Bolhuis (2003) and Lefebvre et al. (2004) further
show positive correlations between innovation rate, tool
use rate, learning performance and relative size of association
areas in the brain in both birds and primates.
It is obviously impossible to eliminate all the confoundingvariables that could influence the positive correlationbetween social learning and innovation. Our conclusion thatthere is no trade-off (caused, for example by limited memoryor fixed innovator–copier roles) between the abilities measuredhere is thus a tentative one, subject to confirmation byfuture work. The conclusion is nevertheless consistent withall but one study comparing social and individual routes tothe adoption of new feeding techniques. Reader and Laland’s(2002) work on 116 primates, Sasvari’s ( ´ 1985a,b) work onfive passerines, Whittle’s (1996; reanalysed by Seferta et al.2001) experiments on two finch species and Lefebvre et al.’s(1996) work on two Columbiformes all yield a positive correlationbetween social learning and either individual innovationor learning (reviewed by Lefebvre and Giraldeau 1996).Lefebvre and Bolhuis (2003) and Lefebvre et al. (2004) furthershow positive correlations between innovation rate, tooluse rate, learning performance and relative size of associationareas in the brain in both birds and primates.
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