Fossil fuels such as petroleum, charcoal, and natural gas sources are the main energy sources at present, but considering their
natural limitation in availability and the fact that they are not renewable, there exists a growing need of developing bio-fuel
production. Biomass has received considerable attention as a sustainable feedstock that can replace diminishing fossil fuels for
the production of energy, especially for the transportation sector. Jackfruit was teisabundant in Indonesia make itpotentiallyas one of
the green refinery feed stock for the manufacture of bio-fuel.As intermediate of bio-fuel,jackfruit peelsis processed into bio-oil.
Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion process under oxygen-absent condition is an attractive way to convert biomass into bio-oil.In this study, the pyrolysis experiments were carried out ina fixed-bedreactor at a range of temperature of400-600
o
C, heating
rate range between 10-50
o
C/min, and a range of nitrogen flow between 2-4litre/min. The aims of this work were to explore the
effects of pyrolysis conditions and to identify the optimum condition for obtaining the highest bio-oil yield.The effect of nitrogen
flow rate and heating rate on the yield of bio-oil were insignificant. The most important parameter in the bio-oil production was
the temperature of the pyrolysis process.The yield of bio-oil initially increased with temperature (up to 550
o
C) then further
increase of temperature resulting in the decreased of bio-oil yield. Results showed that the highest bio-oil yield
(52.6%)wasobtainedat 550
o
C with nitrogen flow rate of 4L/min and heating rate of 50
o
C/min. The thermal degradation of
jackfruit peel was also studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Gas chromatography (GC-MS) was used to identify the
organic fraction of bio-oil. The water content in the bio-oil product was determined by volumetric Karl-Fischer titration. The
physicochemical properties of bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of jackfruit peels such as gross calorific value, pH,kinematic
viscosity, density, sulfur content, ash content, pour point and flash point were determined and compared to ASTM standard of
bio-oil (ASTM 7544).
Fossil fuels such as petroleum, charcoal, and natural gas sources are the main energy sources at present, but considering theirnatural limitation in availability and the fact that they are not renewable, there exists a growing need of developing bio-fuelproduction. Biomass has received considerable attention as a sustainable feedstock that can replace diminishing fossil fuels for the production of energy, especially for the transportation sector. Jackfruit was teisabundant in Indonesia make itpotentiallyas one of the green refinery feed stock for the manufacture of bio-fuel.As intermediate of bio-fuel,jackfruit peelsis processed into bio-oil. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion process under oxygen-absent condition is an attractive way to convert biomass into bio-oil.In this study, the pyrolysis experiments were carried out ina fixed-bedreactor at a range of temperature of400-600oC, heating rate range between 10-50oC/min, and a range of nitrogen flow between 2-4litre/min. The aims of this work were to explore the effects of pyrolysis conditions and to identify the optimum condition for obtaining the highest bio-oil yield.The effect of nitrogen flow rate and heating rate on the yield of bio-oil were insignificant. The most important parameter in the bio-oil production was the temperature of the pyrolysis process.The yield of bio-oil initially increased with temperature (up to 550oC) then further increase of temperature resulting in the decreased of bio-oil yield. Results showed that the highest bio-oil yield (52.6%)wasobtainedat 550oC with nitrogen flow rate of 4L/min and heating rate of 50oC/min. The thermal degradation of jackfruit peel was also studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Gas chromatography (GC-MS) was used to identify the organic fraction of bio-oil. The water content in the bio-oil product was determined by volumetric Karl-Fischer titration. The physicochemical properties of bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of jackfruit peels such as gross calorific value, pH,kinematic viscosity, density, sulfur content, ash content, pour point and flash point were determined and compared to ASTM standard of bio-oil (ASTM 7544).
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