Colour in alcohol: Young fish (less than
about 60 mm SL) brown dorsally, grading to
creamy yellow or tan on side and ventral portion of
body; 10 relatively broad, brown bars on middle of
side, becoming more distinct posteriorly; pair of
oblique dark bands (often faint) with pale area between
them, from ventral edge of eye to lower margin
of operculum; additional dark band (often
faint) crossing operculum to pectoral-fin base; median
fins translucent to dusky grey with darker
spotting on dorsal fins; 3-4 large dark spots along
base of second dorsal fin, more evident in freshly
preserved specimens; pelvic fins greyish with white
outer margin; pectoral fins translucent with numerous
small melanophores on fin rays; dark
brown or black spot covering most of pectoral-fin
base. Markings become less distinct with increased
growth. Adults generally retain the distinct juvenile
colour pattern, although the general ground colour
is darker brown with less vividly contrasted bars
and bands. The median fins of the holotype and
largest paratype (75.8 mm SL) are generally dusky
grey with spotting evident only on the dorsal fins.
Comparisons: Mogurnda arguni is most similar to
M. magna (Fig. 4) from the Triton Lakes (lying
about 80 km southeast) and M. mbuta (Fig. 5)
from the Etna Bay region (about 120 km southeast).
The three species are generally similar in
shape, exhibiting the rounded snout profile that is
typical of the majority of Mogurnda in contrast to
the flattened, concave profile found in a few lacustrine
species (see Figs 9-10). Juvenile colour patterns
of the three species are also similar, featuring
a series of dark bars on the side of the body and
oblique bands radiating posteriorly from the eye.
Selected meristic features are compared in Table II
and the salient differences between these species are
summarised in Table III. The main differences consist
of a smaller head, longer pelvic fins, longer caudal
fin, fewer predorsal scales and much smaller
size in M. arguni in comparison with M. magna.
Most of these differences are also shared with M.
mbuta, which exhibits pronounced modal differences
in number of pectoral-fin rays (78% with 16
rays versus 48% in M. arguni) and slightly higher
number of rakers on the lower limb of the first gillarch (100% with 10-11 rakers versus 88% with 8-
9 rakers in M. arguni). The colour patterns of the
three species are also noticeably different. Although
the juvenile pattern of dark bars along the side is
similar, the barred patterns of M. magna and M.
mbuta are gradually lost with growth, being replaced
by a complex maze-like pattern of irregular
spots and blotches (Figs 4-5).
Distribution and habitat: The type locality (Fig.
6) is situated near the easternmost extension of Arguni
Bay, a large marine incursion lying between
the Bomberai Peninsula to the west and main body
or Birds Neck region of New Guinea to the east.
The habitat consists of a small rainforest tributary
of the Togarni River at an elevation of 45 m, about
13 km upstream from the mouth where it flows into
Karora Estuary. The stream was relatively clear
and slow-flowing with patchy aquatic vegetation.
Other species present at the type locality included
Melanotaenia ammeri Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty
2008 (Melanotaeniidae), Pseudomugil sp. (Pseudomugilidae),
Glossamia arguni Hadiaty & Allen
2011 (Apogonidae) and several gobiioid fishes:
Redigobius chrysosoma (Bleeker 1875), Mugilogobius
mertoni (Weber 1911), Eleotris melanosoma Bleeker,
1852, Periophthalmus weberi Eggert 1935, and
Oxyeleotris nullipora Roberts 1978.
Etymology: The species is named arguni with reference
to the general type locality, which encompasses
the eastern side of Arguni Bay, West Papua.
The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
Mogurnda kaimana n. sp.
(Figs 7-9, Tables II & IV)
Holotype: MZB 19774, female, 110.2 mm SL,
Lake Furnusu, 03°33.492’S, 133° 52.747’ E, Bitsyara
Bay district, about 15 km northeast of
Kaimana, West Papua, Indonesia; seine, Sopian, 10
November 2010.
Paratypes: MZB 19658, 24 specimens, 11.5-81.9
mm SL, same location as holotype, rotenone, G.
Allen & M. Ammer, 3 November 2010; MZB
19755, 8 specimens, 25.4-89.2 mm SL, collected
with holotype; WAM P.33338-001, 5 specimens,
36.5-107.4 mm SL, collected with holotype.
Diagnosis: A species of Mogurnda with the following
combination of characters: soft dorsal rays
11 or 12; soft anal rays 12 (rarely 11); pectoral rays
15-17, rarely 17; scales in lateral series 36-42; predorsal
scales 21-25; rakers on lower limb of first gill
arch usually 9 (80% of specimens with 8-9); body
depth at pelvic origin 21.1-26.4% SL; body depthat anal origin 21.1-26.4% SL; head length 34.3-
38.1% SL; interorbital width 11.3-14.2% SL;
pelvic-fin length 18.6-25.9% SL; caudal-peduncle
depth 12.4-15.2% SL; snout profile concave, especially
noticeable in adults, but detectable in juveniles
as small as 25 mm SL; young specimens with
a series of about 10 dark squares on sides, gradually
developing pattern of numerous irregular spots and
blotches on side, becoming increasingly melanistic
with age, adults entirely dark brown, nearly blackish
(sometimes with hint of darker mottling); maximum
size to at least 110 mm SL.
Description: Dorsal rays VIII ( one paratype with
VII) + I,11 (11-12); anal rays I,12 (11-12); pectoral
rays 16 (15-16, except one paratype with 17);
branched and segmented caudal rays 15; scales in
lateral series 41 (36-42); transverse scale rows 15
(14-16); predorsal scales 21 (21-25); circumpeduncular
scales 23 (21-23); postdorsal scales 12 (11-
13); gill rakers on first arch 3+8 (2-4 + 8-10), total
rakers 11 (10-13).
Body elongate, laterally compressed, more strongly
posteriorly; body depth at pelvic fin origin 31.3
(23.7-31.0) percent of SL; body depth at anal fin
origin 26.0 (21.1-26.1) percent of SL. Head pointed
when viewed laterally; snout profile concave, especially
noticeable in adults, but also apparent in juveniles
to at least 30 mm SL; nape strongly arched.
Head length 38.1 (34.3-27.5), snout length 11.0
(8.8-11.3), eye diameter 6.1 (6.1-8.1), interorbital
width 14.2 (11.3-14.0), all as percentage of SL.
Lower jaw protruding slightly, mouth of holotype
forming angle of about 46 degrees with longitudinal
axis of body; jaw extending to level of anterior
edge of pupil or slightly posterior; teeth of jaws numerous,
in dense bands, outer row enlarged and individual
teeth well-separated; palate edentulous;
tongue, palate and floor of mouth generally pale
with pepper-like melanophores. Gill opening extends
forward to about level of midway point between
upper rear margin of preopercle and posterior
edge of eye.
Colour in alcohol: Young fish (less thanabout 60 mm SL) brown dorsally, grading tocreamy yellow or tan on side and ventral portion ofbody; 10 relatively broad, brown bars on middle ofside, becoming more distinct posteriorly; pair ofoblique dark bands (often faint) with pale area betweenthem, from ventral edge of eye to lower marginof operculum; additional dark band (oftenfaint) crossing operculum to pectoral-fin base; medianfins translucent to dusky grey with darkerspotting on dorsal fins; 3-4 large dark spots alongbase of second dorsal fin, more evident in freshlypreserved specimens; pelvic fins greyish with whiteouter margin; pectoral fins translucent with numeroussmall melanophores on fin rays; darkbrown or black spot covering most of pectoral-finbase. Markings become less distinct with increasedgrowth. Adults generally retain the distinct juvenilecolour pattern, although the general ground colouris darker brown with less vividly contrasted barsand bands. The median fins of the holotype andlargest paratype (75.8 mm SL) are generally duskygrey with spotting evident only on the dorsal fins.Comparisons: Mogurnda arguni is most similar toM. magna (Fig. 4) from the Triton Lakes (lyingabout 80 km southeast) and M. mbuta (Fig. 5)from the Etna Bay region (about 120 km southeast).The three species are generally similar inshape, exhibiting the rounded snout profile that istypical of the majority of Mogurnda in contrast tothe flattened, concave profile found in a few lacustrinespecies (see Figs 9-10). Juvenile colour patternsof the three species are also similar, featuringa series of dark bars on the side of the body andoblique bands radiating posteriorly from the eye.Selected meristic features are compared in Table IIand the salient differences between these species aresummarised in Table III. The main differences consistof a smaller head, longer pelvic fins, longer caudalfin, fewer predorsal scales and much smallersize in M. arguni in comparison with M. magna.Most of these differences are also shared with M.mbuta, which exhibits pronounced modal differencesin number of pectoral-fin rays (78% with 16rays versus 48% in M. arguni) and slightly highernumber of rakers on the lower limb of the first gillarch (100% with 10-11 rakers versus 88% with 8-9 rakers in M. arguni). The colour patterns of thethree species are also noticeably different. Althoughthe juvenile pattern of dark bars along the side issimilar, the barred patterns of M. magna and M.mbuta are gradually lost with growth, being replacedby a complex maze-like pattern of irregularspots and blotches (Figs 4-5).Distribution and habitat: The type locality (Fig.6) is situated near the easternmost extension of ArguniBay, a large marine incursion lying betweenthe Bomberai Peninsula to the west and main bodyor Birds Neck region of New Guinea to the east.The habitat consists of a small rainforest tributaryof the Togarni River at an elevation of 45 m, about13 km upstream from the mouth where it flows intoKarora Estuary. The stream was relatively clearand slow-flowing with patchy aquatic vegetation.Other species present at the type locality includedMelanotaenia ammeri Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty2008 (Melanotaeniidae), Pseudomugil sp. (Pseudomugilidae),Glossamia arguni Hadiaty & Allen2011 (Apogonidae) and several gobiioid fishes:Redigobius chrysosoma (Bleeker 1875), Mugilogobiusmertoni (Weber 1911), Eleotris melanosoma Bleeker,1852, Periophthalmus weberi Eggert 1935, andOxyeleotris nullipora Roberts 1978.Etymology: The species is named arguni with referenceto the general type locality, which encompassesthe eastern side of Arguni Bay, West Papua.The name is treated as a noun in apposition.Mogurnda kaimana n. sp.(Figs 7-9, Tables II & IV)Holotype: MZB 19774, female, 110.2 mm SL,Lake Furnusu, 03°33.492’S, 133° 52.747’ E, BitsyaraBay district, about 15 km northeast ofKaimana, West Papua, Indonesia; seine, Sopian, 10November 2010.Paratypes: MZB 19658, 24 specimens, 11.5-81.9mm SL, same location as holotype, rotenone, G.Allen & M. Ammer, 3 November 2010; MZB19755, 8 specimens, 25.4-89.2 mm SL, collectedwith holotype; WAM P.33338-001, 5 specimens,36.5-107.4 mm SL, collected with holotype.Diagnosis: A species of Mogurnda with the followingcombination of characters: soft dorsal rays11 or 12; soft anal rays 12 (rarely 11); pectoral rays15-17, rarely 17; scales in lateral series 36-42; predorsalscales 21-25; rakers on lower limb of first gillarch usually 9 (80% of specimens with 8-9); bodydepth at pelvic origin 21.1-26.4% SL; body depthat anal origin 21.1-26.4% SL; head length 34.3-38.1% SL; interorbital width 11.3-14.2% SL;pelvic-fin length 18.6-25.9% SL; caudal-peduncledepth 12.4-15.2% SL; snout profile concave, especiallynoticeable in adults, but detectable in juvenilesas small as 25 mm SL; young specimens witha series of about 10 dark squares on sides, graduallydeveloping pattern of numerous irregular spots andblotches on side, becoming increasingly melanisticwith age, adults entirely dark brown, nearly blackish(sometimes with hint of darker mottling); maximumsize to at least 110 mm SL.Description: Dorsal rays VIII ( one paratype withVII) + I,11 (11-12); anal rays I,12 (11-12); pectoralrays 16 (15-16, except one paratype with 17);branched and segmented caudal rays 15; scales inlateral series 41 (36-42); transverse scale rows 15(14-16); predorsal scales 21 (21-25); circumpeduncularscales 23 (21-23); postdorsal scales 12 (11-13); gill rakers on first arch 3+8 (2-4 + 8-10), totalrakers 11 (10-13).Body elongate, laterally compressed, more stronglyposteriorly; body depth at pelvic fin origin 31.3(23.7-31.0) percent of SL; body depth at anal finorigin 26.0 (21.1-26.1) percent of SL. Head pointedwhen viewed laterally; snout profile concave, especiallynoticeable in adults, but also apparent in juvenilesto at least 30 mm SL; nape strongly arched.Head length 38.1 (34.3-27.5), snout length 11.0(8.8-11.3), eye diameter 6.1 (6.1-8.1), interorbitalwidth 14.2 (11.3-14.0), all as percentage of SL.Lower jaw protruding slightly, mouth of holotypeforming angle of about 46 degrees with longitudinalaxis of body; jaw extending to level of anterioredge of pupil or slightly posterior; teeth of jaws numerous,in dense bands, outer row enlarged and individualteeth well-separated; palate edentulous;tongue, palate and floor of mouth generally palewith pepper-like melanophores. Gill opening extendsforward to about level of midway point betweenupper rear margin of preopercle and posterioredge of eye.
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